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FORWARD
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
CHAPTER 1. INTRODUCTION |
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1.1
1.2
1.3
1.4
1.5
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Importance of Hydraulic
Transient Analysis
Causes of Hydraulic Transients
Kinematics of Unsteady Flow
1.3.1 Extended Period Simulation (Quasi-Steady)
1.3.2 Extended Period Simulation: Draining Tank
1.3.3 Extended Period Simulation: Filling Tandem Tanks
1.3.4 Rigid Water Column Theory (Lumped Parameter)
1.3.5 Rigid Water Column Theory: Flow Establishment
1.3.6 Rigid Water Column Theory: Draining Tank
1.3.7 Waterhammer Theory (Distributed Parameter)
1.3.8 Waterhammer Theory: Instantaneous Valve Closure
Basic Transient Equations and Solution Techniques
Comparing the WCM and the MOC
1.5.1 MOC and WCM Numerical Techniques
1.5.2 Required Number of Calculations
1.5.3 Computer Tools for the WCM |
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| CHAPTER 2. THE WAVE
CHARACTERISTIC METHOD |
2.1
2.2
2.3
2.4
2.5 |
Basic Relations
2.1.1 Exercises: Wave Speed
\The Wave Characteristic Method
2.3 Illustrating the Wave Characteristic Method
Component Analysis
2.4.1 Component Characteristic
2.4.2 Pipe Leading from a Reservoir to a Closing Valve
2.4.3 Exercises: Component Characteristic Coefficients
2.4.4 Example Component Computer Routine
2.4.5 Illustrating the Wave Action at Components
2.4.6 Application to Resistive Elements
2.4.7 Application to Active Elements (Pumps)
2.4.8 Exercises: Wave Action at Components
Pipe Junction Analysis
2.5.1 Example Junction Computer Routine
2.5.2 Exercises: Wave Action at Junctions |
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| CHAPTER 3. CAVITATION
ANALYSIS |
3.1
3.2
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Formation of Vapor Cavities
3.1.1 Effect of Vapor Cavities
3.1.2 Example of Vapor Cavity Analysis
3.1.3 Passive Cavitation at Pumps
Side Discharge Orifice Analysis
3.2.1 Wave Action at a Side Discharge Orifice
3.2.2 Examples of Action at a Side Discharge Orifice
3.2.3 Example SDO Computer Routine
3.2.4 Exercises: SDO Wave Action Calculations
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| CHAPTER 4. COMPONENT
ANALYSIS FOR SPECIFIC DEVICES |
4.1.
4.2
4.3
4.4
4.5 |
Modeling Valve Operation
4.1.1 Valve Flow Coefficients
4.1.2 Closure Characteristics of Standard Valves
4.1.3 Valve Stem Position
4.1.4 Valve Stroking
4.1.5 Exercise: Valve Closures
Modeling Pump Operation
4.2.1 A, B and C defined as Constant for All Calculations
4.2.2 A and B Vary With Pump Speed
4.2.3 Four Quadrant Pump Characteristics
4.2.4 Series and Parallel Pumps
Modeling Components in Series and Parallel
Pressure Surge Control Devices
Modeling Pressure Surge Control Devices Using Side Discharge
Orifice Analysis |
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| CHAPTER 5. COMPUTER
MODELING OF TRANSIENT FLOWS |
5.1
5.2
5.3 |
Modeling Requirements
Wave Characteristic Method Computer Solution
Using the Wave Characteristic Program
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| CHAPTER 6. DEMONSTRATION
EXAMPLES |
6.1
6.2 |
Example 1: Typical
Municipal Water System Transients
6.1.1 Transient Situations
6.1.2 Steady State Operation
6.1.3 Transient Operation
6.1.4 Discussion of Example 1 Results
Example 2: Controlled Shutdown of a Long Gravity Fed Pipeline
6.2.1 Closing One Valve
6.2.2 Closing Interior Valves
6.2.3 Discussion of Example 2 Results |
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| REFERENCES |
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| APPENDICES |
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Appendix A
Appendix B
Appendix C
Appendix D
Appendix E
Appendix F
Appendix G
Appendix H |
Nomenclature
Method of Characteristics
Wave Method Calculator
Wave Action Calculator
Examples and Comparisons
Calculation Tools
F.1 Wave Speed Calculation Tool
F.2 Head-Flow Characteristic Calculation Tool
F.3 Resistance Calculation Tool
F.4 Valve Stroking Tool
Properties of Water
C Program Listings |
INDEX
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